					11 December 2002 Drug Blocks Enzyme That Activates Lethal Toxin The lethal toxins of such infectious bacteria as Pseudomonas and anthrax can be blocked by compound called D6R (hexa-D-arginine) by inhibiting furin 11 December 2002 Major Dairy Pathogen Genome Sequenced Researchers have completed sequencing the genome of the bacteria that causes Johne's disease, a major chronic wasting disease found in dairy cattle 11 December 2002 Studies Trace Dogs' Origins Domesticated dogs first appeared in East Asia, spread across Asia and Europe, and then accompanied their two-legged companions into the New World 12,000-14,000 years ago 11 December 2002 Maternal Immune Response to Pregnancy A feature article published in Nature discusses how an understanding of why a woman's body does not reject her fetus could help in the treatment of infertility and prevent problems in pregnancy 11 December 2002 New Imaging Technology Facilitates Drug Discovery Researchers have developed novel technology capable of pinpointing protein expression patterns in cells that cause diseases such as breast and colon cancer 11 December 2002 Knot Found in Protein Structure Researchers have determined the structure of a protein with a surprising feature in it: a knot 11 December 2002 Myostatin Blockers Improve Muscle Function in Mice An antibody that blocks myostatin may aid in treating muscular dystrophy by pushing muscle precursor cells into making more muscle 11 December 2002 E. Coli Engineered to Add Sugars to Proteins The prospect of using bacteria to manufacture complex human proteins for use in therapeutic drugs is a step closer 11 December 2002 Genetic Basis for Reproductive Clock in Hamsters Researchers have identified three genes that are involved in the seasonal clock that determines when hamsters reproduce 11 December 2002 Air, Water, Land, Light: All Affect Cattle Cattle environment influences not only animal health and welfare but, oftentimes, public health 11 December 2002 Outrage at Search Engine Closure The closure of the search engine PubScience earlier this month has caused outrage among US librarians 11 December 2002 In Brief All change at European Molecular Biology Laboratory Eero Vuorio, Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of Turku, Finland, has been elected to chair the Council of the EMBL 11 December 2002 Bad bugs: good for gene therapy? A transatlantic research team has transformed the notorious bacterium Escherichia coli into a promising therapeutic agent in the fight against cancer 11 December 2002 Antibiotics in Animal Feed Not Necessary Using antibiotics as growth promoters does not boost farm productivity as much as good animal husbandry 11 December 2002 CWD Tests Negative In Men With Prion Disease Three outdoorsmen suspected of having contracted lethal cases of chronic wasting disease (CWD) instead were found to have died from other causes 11 December 2002 Infant Rat Heads Grafted onto Adults' Thighs Infant rats are being decapitated and their heads grafted onto the thighs of adults by researchers in Japan to help investigate ischemia 11 December 2002 'Fur Fingerprints' to Tackle Illegal Trade 'Fur fingerprints' could one day help stamp out the illegal trade in pelts of endangered species such as ocelots, tigers and fur seals 11 December 2002 Animal Welfare Groups Lobby For State Legislation Animal welfare activists plan to campaign that laboratory rats, mice, and birds used in biomedical research require greater protection than afforded by federal law 11 December 2002 Our Own Technological Illiteracy Serious concerns about the general public's lack of technological know-how were highlighted by a National Academy of Engineering report 11 December 2002 Beyond Serendipity The sheer number of biological molecules, and the complex nature of their interactions, has engendered a new method of biological experimentation 11 December 2002 The mouse genome Nature has published the genome sequence of the lab mouse: an event with major significance for human biology and medicine through mouse models of human disease		11 December 2002 Cancer's Deadly Signature A report in Nature Genetics describes the use of gene chip technology to identify tumours that are likely to undergo metastasis 11 December 2002 Chronic T Cell Activation Induces Immunodeficiency Scientists show that persistent immune activation, even with no viral infection, can lead to immunodeficiency 11 December 2002 Persistence and Immunity A study of 'concomitant immunity' in mice with Leishmania major skin infections shows that the immunity is under the control of CD4+ CD25+ suppressor T cells 11 December 2002 Getting Botulinum Toxin Inside the Cell A paper in Nature Structural Biology describes how botulinum toxins may cross the cellular membrane to reach their target 11 December 2002 New Generation Chicken Antibiotic Alternative A 'natural' treatment to protect chickens against infection could soon phase out the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry 11 December 2002 Founding Father of Organ Transplantation Dies Rupert Everett Billingham, a scientist considered by many to have founded the fields of reproductive immunology and organ transplantation, has died 10 December 2002 Viruses Cause Cells to Self-Destruct Scientists have discovered that some viruses can use the most abundant protein in the cells they are infecting to destroy the cells and allow new viruses to escape to infect others 10 December 2002 'Master' Molecule Controls Action of Many Genes Scientists have identified the first 'master' molecule in the cell nucleus that controls the action of hundreds of different genes at once through its action on enzymes 10 December 2002 Web Database Pans for Allergens Immunologists have a unique online database that allows speedy identification of protein epitopes capable of triggering irritating and sometimes incapacitating allergic reactions 10 December 2002 Stone Age Man Kept a Dog New studies suggest that dogs shared a hearth with early Stone Age humans and trotted beside them across the Bering Strait into the New World 10 December 2002 Venter Aims to Create Life Not one to be shy about his goals, DNA sequencer J. Craig Venter Jr. has announced that he has won a government grant to create life 10 December 2002 Gene May Explain Some Aspects of Infertility Harvard Medical School researchers have uncovered an ovary gene whose absence from mouse egg cells produced severe pregnancy complications 10 December 2002 New Stem Cell Maintenance Protein Found Scientists have discovered a novel gene whose encoded protein maintains the proliferative capacity of embryonic and adult stem cells, and possibly some types of cancer cells 10 December 2002 Studies Offer Scientific Appraisal of Tail Docking Effects in Dairy Cattle The practice of tail docking has exploded due to the perception of improved milking hygiene and improvements in operator comfort 10 December 2002 Inhibitory Peptides Promote Axon Regeneration A French research team has discovered a novel way to promote axon regeneration in damaged spinal cords 4 December 2002 Genes, Neurons and the Internet Share Patterns A study uncovers a strategy for finding the organizing principles of virtually any network – from neural networks to the Internet 4 December 2002 Biological Motors Inspire New Microdevices Researchers learned from biological motors that nature uses to create a whole new class of micro-devices for medical diagnostic tools 4 December 2002 New Nerves Arise From Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have the properties of embryonic stem cells and can be used to treat injured nerve cells 4 December 2002 Neural Stem Cells as Novel Drug Delivery Agents Neural stem cells engineered to express IL-12 have been shown to track and kill gliomas in mice as they spread through brain tissue 4 December 2002 The Origin of White Blood Cells Skin might be more important in supplying white blood cells to organs than bone marrow 4 December 2002 Cancer Creates Embryo Scientists have grown mouse embryos from cloned brain tumours


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