					18 July 2002 Genetics 'fashion' boosts EU animal testing Many experiments could be carried out on human cells in a test tube rather than on live genetically modified mice 18 July 2002 Regulations irrelevant for stem cells A regulatory minefield awaits embryonic stem cell researchers and policy makers once they have negotiated the more immediate problems of the ethical terrain 18 July 2002 Altruistic behaviour of spermatozoa It might be better for an individual's sperm to cooperate rather than compete with one another. 17 July 2002 Tricking cancer cells to self destruct Briefly tinkering with only one mutant gene could permanently alter the course of the cancer 17 July 2002 Growth hormone may stimulate T cell production T cells are the immune system cells that HIV attacks and destroys, leaving patients without defenses against the opportunistic infections of AIDS 17 July 2002 Excitment over new drugs against HIV T-20 reduces significantly the numbers of HIV circulating in the blood after 24 weeks, and increases the number of CD4 T cells. 17 July 2002 Developing ways to engineer organisms Living organisms perform an amazing amount of chemistry and the goals of life sciences are not only to take advantage of that machinery, but to control it 17 July 2002 Stem cells do not avoid immune recognition Scientists hoping to use the cells to treat Parkinson's disease, diabetes and other maladies will have to take transplant rejection into consideration 17 July 2002 Poliovirus is synthesised in the laboratory Mice injected with the synthesised virus became paralysed after about a week, as did animals infected with normal poliovirus 17 July 2002 The secret of a mother's immunological tolerance An embryo contains paternal DNA that is foreign to a mother's immune system and therefore it ought to be rejected 17 July 2002 Swiss CJD rise raises alarm Each year between 1997 and 2000, 8 to 11 of Switzerland's 6.5 million people developed CJD. In 2001, 19 cases were reported 17 July 2002 Virus threatens seals PDV is closely related to canine distemper virus. It weakens the immune system; seals usually die from pneumonia or other secondary infections. 17 July 2002 National flock screened for scrapie The aim is to use genetically hardy rams to breed scrapie resistance into UK sheep 17 July 2002 Fluid flow in embryos determines position of organs The beating of cilia lays down the body's patterns during a few hours when the mouse embryo is about a week old. 17 July 2002 Race is on to find alternative to animal tests Plans by the EC to test up to 30,000 substances by 2012 would stretch available animal-testing resources 17 July 2002 Gaining a lot from translation Five CRFs have been set up as partnerships between local universities and local healthcare providers. 17 July 2002 Stop the brain drain now! Six of Europe's Nobel laureates chastised the European Union's policies on research funding with a letter to all 12 EU leaders demanding action. 17 July 2002 Foot and mouth report backs vaccination Vaccination should be a key part of tackling any future foot and mouth disease outbreak in the UK, says a new Royal Society report. 16 July 2002 Imprinting is normal in embryonic germ cells Earlier reports had raised concerns that stem cells from humans might not be properly imprinted 16 July 2002 Fetus hides from mother's immune system An understanding of how the immune system works in pregnancy could eventually lead not just to fewer miscarriages but also to solutions for other problems 16 July 2002 Closing in on RNA splicing Eventually, Burge and his team hope to fully understand and model the process by which exons and introns are identified by the human RNA splicing machinery. 16 July 2002 X-rays confirm precision of electron imaging It confirms findings and lends respectability to electron crystallography as an imaging tool 16 July 2002 Optimism at recent ELSO meeting ELSO 2002 gave young people the opportunity to talk in front of the whole convention 16 July 2002 New receptor database announced Scientists in pharmacology in particular should find the new database a boon 3 July 2002 Vermont sheep tested for TSE Two of the 125 sheep confiscated from a Vermont farm last year tested positive for an atypical undifferentiated TSE of foreign origin. 3 July 2002 Salmonella prevalence in raw meat declines Test results reveal a lower prevalence of Salmonella organisms in all categories of product since the implementation of PR/HACCP. 3 July 2002 Vaccine delays BSE-type disease Results could lead to vaccines against scrapie in sheep, BSE in cattle and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in man.		3 July 2002 Prion's double creates trouble Knocking out the PrPc gene in mice has little or no effect on phenotype 3 July 2002 The horse genome map Researchers have mapped more than 900 genes. The progress is the result of collaboration between various laboratories 3 July 2002 Improved mastitis management This management programme uses standardised procedures, written protocols and proven dairy management practices to help prevent mastitis infections 3 July 2002 Relief for dogs with elbow displasia After a year 16 of the (20) dogs had good or excellent outcomes with an increase in limb function of at least 25 percent. 3 July 2002 Badgers seen infiltrating cowsheds Ironically, the incriminating footage could spare the animals from culls, which farmers have long demanded 3 July 2002 Wildlife epidemics linked to climate change Outbreaks are occurring in habitats ranging from coral reefs to rainforests. 3 July 2002 Veterinarians participate in space programme A special tribute to veterinarians' involvement in the space programme is in store for attendees at the AVMA Annual Convention in Nashville, USA 3 July 2002 Aminal Welfare Committee recommendations Seven recommendations from the Animal Welfare Committee 3 July 2002 Rapid isolation of healthy sperm The screening process takes just 10 minutes and could easily be used in doctor's offices or laboratories 3 July 2002 Sperm enzyme triggers fertilisation Unpublished research identifies the elusive activating factor in sperm 3 July 2002 Germ cell line derived from spermatogonia Germ cell gene therapy involves altering the genetic makeup of eggs or sperm, changing the genome of an individual's offspring 3 July 2002 Adult stem cells differentiate like embryonic SCs Adult bone marrow-derived cells can differentiate in vitro and in vivo into cells of all three embryonic germ layers 3 July 2002 Protein maintains stem cell reservoir Without it, all of the germline stem cells mature into sperm 3 July 2002 Placenta genes determine birth weight Molecular defects in the placenta make some babies small at birth. 3 July 2002 New method to determine protein structure The technique is potentially very powerful for the investigation of larger protein assemblies and membrane proteins 3 July 2002 How gene switches operate If the gene switch breaks down, all of the genes controlled by the switch show abnormal expression 3 July 2002 Ubiquitin's role in gene expression Ubiquitin has been shown to lie upstream of a switch that seems to control whether a gene is on or off 3 July 2002 Improved method for manipulating DNA DNA engineering could become easier, faster and more accurate with a new technology 3 July 2002 Protein linked to tumour invasion It may offer another weapon in the arsenal available for the fight against cancer 3 July 2002 Protein that regulates killer cells identified The results from this research provide a better understanding of how the immune system works 3 July 2002 How immune cells attack The first to arrive at the scene of an invasion, they ravenously consume oxygen to create highly reactive, oxidizing toxins 3 July 2002 Neutralising inhibitors of nerve regeneration While findings are far from application in people, prospects for eventually being able to repair spinal cord injury are brighter 3 July 2002 Protein enables bacteria to communicate Many bacterial processes are effective only when carried out by large numbers of bacteria acting in a coordinated fashion 3 July 2002 Quantitative data from microscope images While cell biologists love a good microscope image, a radiation biologist is likely to say that although it looks very pretty what does it actually mean? 3 July 2002 Five-colour flow cytometric analysis The system also includes completely redesigned optics that expand the range of the fluorescence detectors to 900 nm 3 July 2002 Playing the EU funding game Never go to Brussels looking for money. Instead, go with a solution to a problem


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