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		The Real-Time TaqMan PCR and Applications in Veterinary Medicine



		· Introduction · From PacMan to TaqMan - a computer game revisited · The advantages of real-time TaqMan PCR over conventional quantitative PCR · Applications in Veterinary Medicine · Allelic discrimination · Discussion · The veterinarian and his relationship with the next-generation PCR technology · Acknowledgements · References
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The veterinarian and his relationship with the next-generation PCR technology
As with any methodology, work on quantitative PCR is a continuous progress. Although all of the methods described in this review make use of the Nobel prize awarded PCR technology, the pros and cons of the subtle differences in assay format, accuracy and reliability of quantification, all have to be rigorously compared. The next generation of PCR quantification techniques will be more automated, standardised and compact than their predecessors. The time taken for preparation and amplification will be reduced significantly by the use of small volume glass capillaries and silicon-based microchip technology [7,8,29]. Amplification times have been decreased to several minutes by using an Advanced Nucleic Acid Analyzer (ANAA) that consists of a battery-powered array of silicon-based PCR microchips with thin-filmed resistive heaters [6].

How can these new systems be incorporated into the life of the average veterinarian? Future veterinarians may be equipped with affordable, battery-powered, hand-held devices for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, based on the old PCR principle but embedded in technology which is already available, albeit very expensive. These applications will not be restricted to the detection of infectious pathogens but will include the detection of genetic diseases and the monitoring of therapeutic success. Whether or not this futuristic scenario becomes a reality, the PCR technology will undoubtedly experience a widening of its applications in the field of veterinary diagnosis of pathogens, gene expression and the detection of genetic diseases.

Acknowledgements
Studies mentioned in this review were supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, by the United Bank of Switzerland on behalf of a customer and by the European Concerted Action on FIV Vaccination. Dr. Christian M. Leutenegger is a recipient of Swiss National Science Foundation grant (No. 823A-053469).

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